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\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642(\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000. \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 210 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 112 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><br \/>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31383 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6-75x75.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6-460x460.jpg 460w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6-24x24.jpg 24w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-6-48x48.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"flagicon\"><a title=\"\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/span> \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 (2014 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)<br \/>\r\n<span class=\"flagicon\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Flag_of_Iraq.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Flag_of_Iraq.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Flag_of_Iraq.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (2007 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0622\u0646)<br \/>\r\n<span class=\"flagicon\"><a title=\"\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" width=\"23\" height=\"14\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"600\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/span> \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1996 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)<br \/>\r\n<span class=\"flagicon\"><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/span> \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1995 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)<br \/>\r\n<span class=\"flagicon\"><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg\/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" width=\"23\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"600\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/span> \u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1995 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)<br \/>\r\n<span class=\"flagicon\"><a title=\"\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/span> \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1975 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)<br \/>\r\n<span class=\"flagicon\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg\/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg\/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg\/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/span> \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1921 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)<\/p>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645(\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1934\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b <strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u064a <strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 74 \u0645\u0631\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627(\u0639) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 23 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648 9723 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 113042 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<div style='position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; margin: 15px 1px 10px 1px; border-radius: 15px; overflow: hidden;'>\r\n            <iframe src='https:\/\/www.aparat.com\/video\/video\/embed\/videohash\/6Xvwk\/vt\/frame' style='position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: none; border-radius: 15px;'><\/iframe>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31380 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5.jpg\" alt=\"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5-75x75.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5-460x460.jpg 460w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5-24x24.jpg 24w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.edutsn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f-5-48x48.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f <strong>\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635<\/strong> \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 <strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7\"><\/span>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/edutsn.com\/ferdowsi-university\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f<br \/>\r\n<\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/edutsn.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%af-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_28946\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"28946\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 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